Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Essay

Improving Phonological Awareness and Decoding Skills of High School Students From Diverse Backgrounds by Kathleen McQuiston, Dor - Essay Example The prime objective of the paper is to investigate the efficiency of the awareness system in improving the reading and learning ability of high-school students belonging to the diverse backgrounds both in terms of culture and linguistics. The students suffering from impairments were also considered in the research study. It also objected to recognize few measures which can be used for the improvement of the decoding ability among those students. In this regard, the researchers concluded various noteworthy measures which can be beneficial for the students if implied with efficacy and effectivity. Methods In order to perform the research work and obtain relevant findings from the study, the researchers can be recognized to focus on the observation method of data collection. In this case the researchers implied a close observation of the research participants, i.e. the students and the teachers of high-schools. Perpetually, the researchers concentrated on studying the behavior of the st udent with impairments and belonging to different cultural groups and linguistics.

Oral Presentation on Drink Driving Essay Example for Free

Oral Presentation on Drink Driving Essay Intro: The topic I will be discussing today is a problem that occurs not only on Australian roads, but on roads worldwide. It is the topic of drink driving. I will be arguing why the Australian government should lower the Blood Alcohol Concentration limit to at least 0. 02 for full licenced drivers. Drink Driving is a serious offence that has MANY negative outcomes to it. Not only are you at risk of losing your licence, affecting day to day tasks and also receiving a heavy fine, but you are also putting yourself, your passengers and any person’s life, who is on the road, in DANGER. Paragraph 1: Each year on Victorian roads, approximately a quarter of drivers are killed or injured from drink driving related incidents where the driver has had a Blood Alcohol Concentration level of at least 0. 05 or greater. According to the Transport Accident Commission, with a blood alcohol concentration limit of 0. 05, the driver is already doubling their chance to be involved in an accident. At 0. 08 it is seven times the risk. At 0. 15, it is 25 times the risk. Statistics from the Transport Accident Commission have also shown that drink driving is most common between the ages of 17 to 25, promoting my main ARGUMENT that a person’s Blood Alcohol Concentration level should be at least 0. 02 which would significantly reduce the chance of an accident. Paragraph 2: Drinking Alcohol has a serious effect on our bodies. Drivers who drink alcohol before driving can be left with a loss of memory, blurred vision, slow reflexes, and lack of concentration and can also lead to dizziness. Drinking alcohol also increases self-confidence, which can lead the driver to feeling strong and invincible (LIKE SUPERMAN) . Look more:Â  problem solution speech essay Do you really want to be in a car with someone that can’t perform simple tasks such as reciting the alphabet or walking in a straight line? Each year Victoria Police breath tests over one point five million people. The government also exposes the public to many advertising campaigns through television about drink driving and its effects. An example includes the Transport Accident Commission advertisements that are shown regularly on television. Here is an example of one. [Drink Driving Advertisement 1 minute] Paragraph 2: In the commercial just shown, we witness some of the serious consequences that can take place as a result of drink driving, being serious injury, imprisonment, paraplegia and death. It goes to show a mother who has lost a son to drink driving, a woman killed by a drink driver, a man left paralysed after his drunk mate crashed the car he was in, and a drink driver entering jail. It shows the grief and loss families are left with, a sort of grief that no one should have to endure, especially because of one such reckless decision one decided to make, leading to the end of a life. Paragraph 3: I myself have lost a family member who was hit and killed by an intoxicated driver. He was not only a good and funny kid; he was a brother, a son, a nephew, a grandchild. I remember as a young child never seeing John again, I remember my family going through the grief, the in-denial, the anger, that someone so close to my family had died from such a careless and preventable act. It is hard to comprehend that someone you cared so much about has taken their last breath, smiled for the last time and is never coming back. It is something that no one should ever have to suffer. To see a mother and a father say goodbye to their young child is heartbreaking and inhumane to watch. Once again I hope that you understand that this is why the blood alcohol concentration limit should be lowered down to at least 0. 02. Many Australian experts and scientists believe that a blood alcohol concentration limit of 0. 05 is perfect and there is no need for it to be lowered. Experts argue that lowering it less than 0. 05 will do nothing in lowering deaths related to drink driving. But this is not the case. In two of the most developed and wealthy countries in the world, Sweden and Norway, the blood alcohol concentration limit is 0. 02. Drink driving is considered a very serious crime in Sweden and there is very little tolerance for alcohol. Laws where introduced in 1995 and 2001 in Sweden and Norway respectively which lowered the legal blood alcohol concentration limit to . 02 from the previous level of . 05. Since the blood alcohol concentration limit was changed, both Sweden and Norway have seen a dramatic reduction in deaths related to drink driving, some of the lowest rates in the world. I believe that by following the same lead set by Sweden and Norway we too in Australia can lower the amount of deaths related to drink driving significantly. Conclusion: Drink driving is something that takes place every day. Every day someone is involved, every day we are informed of it on the news, the radio, and through other various media outlets. Every day someone cries themselves to sleep, knowing they will never see that person again. I believe that by lowering the limit we can significantly reduce road trauma and the number of deaths related to drink driving. So, think, is that last glass really that important?

Honor and Dueling :: European Europe History

Honor and Dueling A duel was a prearranged combat with lethal weapons between two people, usually taking place under formal arrangements. Each side had a witness, called seconds. The usual cause of a duel is an insult given by one person to the other or over a question of honor. The challenged person has the right to set the place, time, and weapons. Duels have generally been fought early in the morning in secluded places. (Encarta "Duel") Dueling to avenge one's honor has never been legal, dueling has been marked by laws opposing it. The practice became popular in Europe after the famous challenge between King Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France. When war was declared on Spain in 1528 by Francis, he annulled the treaty between the two countries, Francis was challenged to a duel after being accused of ungentlemanly conduct by the Spanish ruler. The duel never did take place because making arrangements was to difficult, but this incident influenced the manners of Europeans so that gentlemen everywhere thought they were entitled to avenge slights on their honor by having similar challenges. (Encarta "Duel") Duels involving honor were so prevalent in France that Charles IX issued an ordinance in 1566 that was death to anyone participating in a duel. This became a model for later edicts against dueling. Dueling however did survive longer than monarchy in France. Dueling became a technique for resolving political disputes. (Britannica "Duel) The duel was intensely popular in England, during Restoration. Legislation during the 17th century had little effect on suppressing the practice. The English Common Law declares that killing in a duel to be held as murder, but juries rarely convicted in cases of dueling until the custom had ceased to be popular during the reign of Queen Victoria. (Encarta "Duel") The earliest form of dueling was the judicial duel or trial by battle. The judicial duel was established because solemn affirmation, or swearing of oaths, in legal arguments had led to extensive perjury and the ordeal has too much of a chance of being manipulated by the priests. If one man declares before a judge that his opponent was guilty of a crime and the accused said that his accuser is lying, the judge would order the two to meet in a duel. The judge then stipulated the conditions as to the place, time, and weapons. The combatants had to guarantee their participation by throwing down a gauntlet and his opponent accepted by picking it up.

Women’s New Role Essay -- Essays Papers

Women’s New Role In coming to understand what it meant to be a girl I was affected by my era, women’s sports, and the place that I was raised, as much as the independent feminist spirit that my mom was exposed to and possessed. My mother’s mom raised her to believe and accept the traditional female role. My grandmother put emphasis on the women staying home and existing solely as a support system for the man. She found comfort and security knowing that it was the man’s burden to â€Å"bring home the bacon.† My mother, however; was influenced by the time and took it upon herself to take care of herself and make her own money. At a young age she along with many other women of her time wanted to rebel against the expected role and thus have a more fulfilling life. Family and children were an important priority for her but she felt strongly that she could do more. Her parents had a wonderful and loving relationship but her father had three massive heart attacks at age 42 a nd was not suppose to live a year. My mother was one of the oldest of eight children and was well aware of her mother’s very frightening predicament. This aforementioned life experience and her inherent desire to educate herself made her believe that women could do more. My mother did want to marry but wanted to be in the marriage because she wanted to not because she had to stay in an unpleasant situation. She wanted to make it on her own. She did not want a man to control her and most of all to tell her what to do. Her competitive drive for success in the business world was luckily passed on to me and gave me the confidence and perseverance that I need to get through life. My mother taught me that I was a woman, so things may be harder and that I must never e... ...s influential as my role models on the women’s US national team. They all gave me the courage and confidence in myself as a woman. Today I am happy to see that women are coming together and trying to inspire each other to take on the world. By simply typing in â€Å"Women Role model† in goggle I found several sites for women engineers, doctors, and writers trying to make something out of their lives. I was happy to see that someday when my daughter is trying to pursue her dream that she will have options because of the risks these women took. And I will be proud to be able to say that I was one of those women. Work Cited Dorance, Anson. Telephone interview. 29 May 2003. Gonzales, Monica. Personal interview. 30 May 2003. Hamm, Mia. Go for the Goal. HaperCollings. NY 1999. Lilly, Kristine. Personal interview. 30 May 2003. UNCtarheel.com.May 31 2003.

Period Of Absolutism Essay

Was absolutism a period of prosperity or tyranny in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries? Anyone could answer based on opinion. Many successful events happened that had helped all the kings become better rulers with strong armies and a strong nation. There were many deaths that made people call this period of time a time of tyranny instead of prosperity. Many kings were considered obsessed with themselves or ego centered, but they improved their nations by adding roads. Although, in my opinion this period of time was a time of tyranny simply because of how the kings ruled the deaths caused by them and the way the government ran. During the 16 ­17th century all the kings that had ruled, ruled in their own type of style. Although if one were to look back to Machiavelli’s book, The Prince, they would notice how most of the rulers had ruled by following the guidelines from his book. Though, some of these rules and guidelines made the kings seem selfish. Machiavelli had said in his book how a ruler should be feared but not hated because if the kings seemed to friendly, then he wouldn’t be taken seriously. â€Å"Kings James I of england for example felt that kings should be treated like gods†(Doc 2). He felt that the government should’ve been ruled with more divine power. He felt like the only way he could be respected was to be treated like a God.

Absorption and Variable Costing Essays

Absorption and Variable Costing Essays Absorption and Variable Costing Paper Absorption and Variable Costing Paper CHAPTER 8 ABSORPTION AND VARIABLE COSTING Learning Objectives 1. Explain the accounting treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead under absorption and variable costing. 2. Prepare an income statement under absorption costing. 3. Prepare an income statement under variable costing. 4. Reconcile reported income under absorption and variable costing. 5. Explain the implications of absorption and variable costing for cost-volume-profit analysis. 6. Evaluate absorption and variable costing. 7. Explain the rationale behind throughput costing. . Prepare an income statement under throughput costing. Chapter Overview I. Product Cost and Fixed Manufacturing Overhead A. Absorption-costing income statements B. Variable-costing income statements II. Reconciliation of Absorption- and Variable-Costing Income A. No change in inventory levels B. Increase in inventory levels C. Decrease in inventory levels III. Overall Evaluation of Absorption and Variable Costing IV. Throughput Costing Key Lecture Con cepts 1. PRODUCT COST AND FIXED MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD Product, or manufacturing, costs are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and fixed manufacturing overhead. The basic difference between absorption and variable costing is the treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead. * With absorption (full) costing, all costs related to the manufacture of a good are product costs. Therefore, fixed manufacturing overhead attaches to the units being made and is carried in inventory until the product is sold. * Absorption costing results in the preparation of a traditional income statement. Absorption costing is considered GAAP and is acceptable for tax reporting. * Under variable costing, product cost is comprised solely of variable manufacturing costs. Fixed manufacturing overhead is viewed as a cost of being ready to produce, not an actual production cost (i. e. , the cost will remain constant no matter how many units are manufactured). * Fixed manufac turing overhead is treated as a period cost and expensed immediately. * The income statement highlights cost behavior and is presented in a contribution margin format. Variable costing is useful to managers, as it dovetails nicely with cost-volume-profit analysis. 2. RECONCILIATION OF ABSORPTION- AND VARIABLE-COSTING INCOME * The difference between the two approaches is the timing of when fixed manufacturing overhead is shown on the income statement: when the product is sold under absorption costing and when incurred under variable costing. * The two methods will usually produce different income figures. * No change in inventory: production = sales * Under variable costing, all fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed. With absorption costing, the periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold. * Absorption-costing net income equals variable-costing net income. * Increase in inventory: production ; sales * Under variable costing, all fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed. With absorption costing, a portion of the periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold and a portion remains on the balance sheet in inventory. * Absorption-costing net income is greater than variable-costing net income. * Decrease in inventory: sales production Under variable costing, all fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed. With absorption costing, as units manufactured in a prior period are sold, an amount greater than the current periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold. * Absorption-costing net income is less than variable-costing net income. * The difference between absorption- and variable-costing income figures can be reconciled as follows: Income difference = Inventory change in units x Fixed overhead per unit The difference is likely to be very small over a lengthy time period. . OVERALL EVALUATION OF ABSORPTION AND VARIABLE COSTING * Pricing decisions * Absorption-cost proponents argue that fixed manufacturing overhead is a necessary production cost. Excluding this element from the inventoried cost of a product will understate the goods cost, which is troublesome for companies that use cost-based pricing techniques. * Variable-cost proponents argue that variable cost is better for pricing decisions. Any price above a goods variable cost results in a positive contribution margin for the company. Many firms use variable costing for internal-reporting purposes. Given that absorption costing must be employed for external financial reporting, companies can use both methods by making several simple end-of-period adjustments. 1 If a company operates in a just-in-time environment, inventories are kept very low and there will be little change in inventor y from period to period. Thus, the income differences between absorption and variable costing will normally be insignificant. 4. THROUGHPUT COSTING Throughput costing assigns only the unit-level spending for direct costs as the cost of products or services. * A unit-level cost is incurred every time that a unit of product is manufactured. * All costs other than the throughput cost are considered to be operating expenses of the period. * Proponents of throughput costing argue that this procedure eliminates the incentive to produce excess inventory because all non-throughput costs are expensed regardless of manufacturing volume.

Quotations with Colons

Quotations with Colons Quotations with Colons Quotations with Colons By Mark Nichol Colons frequently crop up as transitional punctuation preceding a quotation, but that particular punctuation mark is usually not a good choice, as explained in the discussions that follow the sentences below; a revision follows each discussion. 1. The graffiti included the words: â€Å"Black lives matter.† This simple declarative statement requires no punctuation between the descriptive opening phrase and the quotation: â€Å"The graffiti included the words ‘Black lives matter.’† (There is an unlikely exception: The words have been previously alluded to, and now they are being explicitly stated. In that case, the colon is appropriate.) 2. Smith planned to head to the region immediately and promised people in the area: â€Å"No individual, no family, no community will be left behind.† In journalism, a colon is often used to signal that a quotation is about to follow an attribution, but a comma is much more appropriate, because whereas colons generally punctuate with the halting force of a period, a comma is more smoothly transitional: â€Å"Smith planned to head to the region later Wednesday and promised people in the area, ‘No individual, no family, no community will be left behind.’† (If the attribution constitutes a complete thought, a colon is correct, as in this revision: â€Å"Smith planned to head to the region later Wednesday, and his promise to the people in the area was emphatic: ‘No individual, no family, no community will be left behind.’†) 3. The question is: â€Å"How did the outcome of World War I contribute to the advent of World War II?† This sentence presumably refers to a written question on an examination of some kind, as in a high school history test, but whether it is a quotation or simply part of a narrative, a colon is obstructive (as explained in the previous item), and, just as a comma generally follows an attribution (such as â€Å"she said†) that introduces a quotation- again, see above- a comma is appropriate to separate the setup phrase here and the quotation: â€Å"The question is, ‘How did the outcome of World War I contribute to the advent of World War II?’† (If the question is merely posed in a narrative, rather than a reproduction of a written question, the quotation marks- and the capitalization of the first word- aren’t necessary: â€Å"The question is, how did the outcome of World War I contribute to the advent of World War II?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Empathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Apostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Tips for Expressing Sympathy

Tips for Expressing Sympathy Unfortunately, bad things happen. When we hear about these events happening to people we care about, expressing our sympathy can go a long way. Doing so is often difficult as we want to communicate  our concern but dont want to be intrusive or offensive. With these tips and your sincere sentiments, your words of comfort are likely to be meaningful to the person in your life who is having a tough time. Structuring Common Phrases of Sympathy in English Here are some common phrases to help you express sympathy. Im sorry to hear about Noun/Gerund   Im sorry to hear about your difficulties with the boss. I know he can be really difficult at times.Ellen just told me the news. Im sorry to hear about your not getting into Harvard! Please accept my condolences.   This phrase is used to express sympathy when someone has died. Please accept my condolences. Your father was a great man.Im sorry to hear of your loss. Please accept my condolences. Thats so sad. Thats so sad that you lost your job.Thats so sad that he doesnt love you anymore.  I hope things get better soon. This phrase is used when people have been having difficulty over a long period  of time. I know your life has been difficult lately. I hope things get better soon.I cant believe how much bad luck youve had. I hope things get better soon. I hope you feel better soon. This phrase is used when someone is experiencing health problems. Im so sorry you broke your leg. I hope you feel better soon.ï » ¿Stay home for the week. I hope you feel better soon.   Example Dialogue Expressing sympathy is used in a number of situations. For example, you might express sympathy for someone whose family member has passed away. Generally,  we express sympathy to someone who has difficulties of some sort.  Here are some example dialogues to help you learn when to express sympathy in English. Person 1:  Ive been rather sick lately.Person 2:  I hope you feel better soon. Another Example Person 1:  Tim has been having a lot of troubles lately. I think he might be getting a divorce.Person 2:  Im sorry to hear about Tims problems. I hope things get better for him soon. Writing Sympathy Notes Its also common to express sympathy in writing. Here are some common phrases you can use when writing a sympathy note to someone. Notice that it is common to use the plural we and our when expressing written sympathy as a way to express that a family. Finally, its important to keep a sympathy note short. My heartfelt condolences on your loss.Our thoughts are with you.She/he was a lot of things to many people and will be missed tremendously.I am thinking of you in your time of loss.We are very saddened to hear of your loss. With deepest sympathies.You have my sincere sympathy.You have our deepest sympathy. Example Sympathy Note Dear John, I heard recently that your mother passed away. She was such a wonderful woman. Please accept my heartfelt condolences on your loss. You have our deepest sympathy. Warm regards, Ken

MIS COMPARISON Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MIS COMPARISON - Coursework Example The need and demand of the Management Information System (MIS) for Human Resource in Tesco is increased due to the increasing focus of management on Human Resource (HR) in the multinational organizations. The functionality of Management Information System (MIS) for Human Resource provides services in a layered form. Initially, the core and basic activities of Human Recourse Management (HRM) are covered under the services given by Management Information System for Human Resource include as the automated attendance system, and maintenance of employee’s record in Tesco. The tools, procedures and software’s are provided by MIS system. MIS is minimizes some issues of traditional management work of Human Resource. Tripathi (2011) stated that function of sales and marketing was a significant part of growth for national as well as multinational organizations. Therefore, use of Management Information System (MIS) for Sales and marketing obviously results positively for the manag ement of sales processes at Apple Inc. According to Zhang and Zhang (2007) MIS used for sales reduced the stages involved in sales process as compared to a traditional method of sales contained. The MIS includes features like sales analysis, decision predictions, effective for sales managers to handle sales, and online e- marketing and e-sales. The system covers the financial activities regarding the sales management. The system provides ease to e-clients and the labor cost of sales. The Management Information System (MIS) for Human Resource in Tesco totally depends upon the information systems. The information system is used to manage the internal operations and also helps in decision making process in the organization regarding the management activities of Human Resource. The information system is a collection of hardware, software, network, internet and specific tools or software’s working to facilitate the user (Tripathi,

Ethical Issues in Profefssional Life (Philsophy course) Essay

Ethical Issues in Profefssional Life (Philsophy course) - Essay Example There are many points in his essay, which are plausible, and worth emulating. However, there are also points, which I do not entirely agree. Therefore, in this essay, I will be discussing the different models upon I agree or disagree with him and the reason why I feel that way. Veach described the engineering model of ethical conduct as straightforward in its presentation of facts to the client and letting the client make an informed decision based on the facts presented. He talks about how this standard could not be applied in the medical profession stating that â€Å"even if the physician logically could eliminate all ethical and the value considerations from his decision making and even if he could in practice conform to the impossible value-free ideal, it would be morally outrageous for him to do so.† On this point, I completely agree with Veach. In the medical profession, we deal with sentient human beings. We do not deal with inanimate objects that do not require any explanations as to how they will be dealt with in furtherance of my profession. My patients are not pipes or drainage systems that I would simply clean, repair and flush when they become clogged with impurities and be done with it. Although medical practice requires precision like any other profession, it is not enough that we discuss statistics and procedures with our patients and expect them to understand the situation. Take the case of a cancer patient for instance. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of treatments, it may be morally sound to let the patient choose which form of therapy he/she would prefer. However, in cases where the patient would not choose the most viable option, it would not be ethical on the part of the physician to simply let the patient go on with his/her choice without trying to persuade him/her that such option is not viable. Although I agree with the maxim espoused

Exercise assignments Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Exercise assignments - Coursework Example All the three factors when combined give freedom to an individual and people start valuing their life. 2. I agree that without denying Individual freedom, unity and order in a moral system is a big problem. Once an Individual is given full freedom, the Individual does not realize his actions towards others. His act of freedom might hurt others which in turn causes dispute among individuals. Hence freedom of individuals has to be denied in order to attain unity in a moral system. 8. I use all the principles in my day to day life. I try to have my own freedom when required and that freedom is within my limits. I always try to value my life and make sure that I am good to others. Along with enjoying my regular activities, I also believe in being fair to the people and to the society around you. There have been times when I could not be good to people but I have always tried my best in being good to the people around

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Essay

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Report) - Essay Example It is therefore important that the management of academic libraries understand that successful service organisations like successful product oriented firms, must understand the way the customer goes about making a decision to purchase a service, how quality is evaluated, and in what ways a company can present a â€Å"differential advantage† relative to the competition (Berkowitz et al. 1997, p. 352). According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in particular have placed increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer satisfaction as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer compares expectations about the service offered to actual experience with the service. Gap analysis is a tool that is used to identify the differences (gap) between what is expected and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the table that follows. Dimension Definition Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Tangibles Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials. Responsiveness Willingness to assist customers and provide prompt and efficient service Assurance Knowledge and courtesy of employee and their ability to convey trust and confidence to customers Empathy Caring, individualised attention that is provided to customers. Table 1 – Dimensions of Service Quality Adapted from Marketing 5th Edition – Berkowitz et al (1997, p. 353) Dimensions of service Quality in Academic Libraries In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of importance, is the need to look at the service that the library provides in order to see how i t can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are students, administrators, faculty members and the general public. Reliability In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which will enable the completion of a required task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future. The student or faculty member will need, at some point in time, the necessary guidance from the librarian, who possess the necessary skills and experience, and who will be able to provide information and resources that will be useful in carrying out the required task in a timely manner. Tangibles While the aesthetics of the environment is of extreme importance, it is not very important in a non-profit making environment as it is in a profit making organisation. However, the library as a facility for research and a learning environment should provide a measure of relaxation and comfort that is conducive to studying. The emphasis is on providing an environment that will allow for the

International Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

International Financial management - Essay Example From here, the borrowed money must be converted into to home currency or pounds sterling using the current spot rate of 1.2834because the company is assumed to invest what it has borrowed to earn interest at UK at 4%. Thus, the future value will be the total amount at  £393,447.48 will be received from the foreign exchange transaction at the end of six months. Also, when it is time to pay the foreign currency loan, it will use the foreign currency money it receives from its customer to pay such loan. Method I is an example of money market hedge where the current spot rate is the only relevant rate and fluctuations in spot rate in the future is not relevant. This can be done by borrowing foreign currency money at a fixed rate at the strength of future receipt of foreign currency. Method 2 on the other hand makes of forward exchange hedge. Note that the exchange rate that is relevant this time is the forward rate as it will determine the cash inflow that the company will receive in the future. Thus, the current spot rate and the subsequent fluctuations in spot rates during the period of six months are irrelevant. At the date of the contract is entered upon, there are no cash outflows or inflows involved. The cash inflow will happen at the end of the forward contract which is after six months. At six-month time, the company will give to the bank the 500,000 euros that it will receive from its customer. The bank in turn will give to the company the amount of 500,000 euros converted into the forward rate it has agreed with the company. Comparing the value to be received in Method 1 at  £393,447.48 as against  £392,003.14 to be received under the Method, there is evidence to choose the former at will give a net advantage of  £1,444.34 . The international risks that company faces in relation to changes in foreign exchange rates are divided

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Essay

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Report) - Essay Example It is therefore important that the management of academic libraries understand that successful service organisations like successful product oriented firms, must understand the way the customer goes about making a decision to purchase a service, how quality is evaluated, and in what ways a company can present a â€Å"differential advantage† relative to the competition (Berkowitz et al. 1997, p. 352). According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in particular have placed increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer satisfaction as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer compares expectations about the service offered to actual experience with the service. Gap analysis is a tool that is used to identify the differences (gap) between what is expected and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the table that follows. Dimension Definition Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Tangibles Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials. Responsiveness Willingness to assist customers and provide prompt and efficient service Assurance Knowledge and courtesy of employee and their ability to convey trust and confidence to customers Empathy Caring, individualised attention that is provided to customers. Table 1 – Dimensions of Service Quality Adapted from Marketing 5th Edition – Berkowitz et al (1997, p. 353) Dimensions of service Quality in Academic Libraries In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of importance, is the need to look at the service that the library provides in order to see how i t can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are students, administrators, faculty members and the general public. Reliability In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which will enable the completion of a required task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future. The student or faculty member will need, at some point in time, the necessary guidance from the librarian, who possess the necessary skills and experience, and who will be able to provide information and resources that will be useful in carrying out the required task in a timely manner. Tangibles While the aesthetics of the environment is of extreme importance, it is not very important in a non-profit making environment as it is in a profit making organisation. However, the library as a facility for research and a learning environment should provide a measure of relaxation and comfort that is conducive to studying. The emphasis is on providing an environment that will allow for the

White-Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

White-Privilege - Essay Example ply believed as an outright fact that whites were superior, now this has become an insidious sociological norm that often goes completely unnoticed.To get rid of this delusional thought of white privilege, people must realize their equality with others. Firstly, a working definition of this invisible advantage needs to be understood to create a common ground for discussion. White privilege is the unremitting belief that this group has the only correct standards, morals, opinions etc. to the absolute exclusion of any other racial groups ideals or beliefs. In the enforcement of these standards greater and greater societal distances are built up between the white and the non-white racial groups. Consequently, this results in the constantly reinforced belief that whites deserve this extra "allocation of resources" and greater success because of some inherent superiority that they innately possess. All other groups are simply responsible for their own difficulties, which has nothing to do with any white privilege (Hays & Chang 135). It is held in firm belief that white privilege means that the white race is in a better social place than with other races. Presently and historically we see these racial attitudes represented in all levels of society and government as well as business and education. They are here personified by past President Thomas Jefferson. His thoughts on the subject are representational of the general beliefs held at the time. Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia and while the greater part of the book was devoted to the topography of the land and its bounty, one small section addressed the concerns of the politicians and the people of the state regarding its black community. It is interesting to note that at the time slavery was so accepted that that particular word, slavery, is no where to be found in this short section, this is merely taken as a fact, no need to mention it. This section turns into a mostly biological treatise that talks

Client Pitch Presentation Essay Example for Free

Client Pitch Presentation Essay Introduction The Coca- Cola Company was incorporated September 5, 1919. The company is the leading nonalcoholic beverage company. Coca-Cola offers over 500 different brands. Coca-Cola â€Å"originated as a soda fountain beverage in 1886 selling for five cents a glass† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola puts its â€Å"â€Å"Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) {The Coca-Cola Company is the leading and the most popular nonalcoholic beverage (soft drink) company. Coca- Cola connects with its consumers on a level where the consumers feel comfortable with the company. Because the company has been around for so long, many customers knows what the company stands for and continue to remain loyal to the company.} Coca-Cola Brands â€Å"The Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands, primarily sparkling beverages but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks† (Forbes, 2015). {The Coca-Cola company offers its consumers a variety of different beverages to choose from. By meeting the different tastes of consumers, the company is able to successfully satisfy customers worldwide. The different brands developed by Coca-Cola include Diet Coke, Dasani, Sprite, Fanta, and many more.} Target Market Coca-Cola’s target market includes consumers from all demographics. Men Women Non-Alcoholic beverage drinkers Consumers of ages 10 -60. {Coca-Cola strives to target men and women of different ages, ethnicities, educational backgrounds, and locations. The company has many different brands that can satisfy the needs of customers of different demographics. The Coca-Cola brand is known world-wide so there are different brands to meet the needs of those consumers from around the world. The company targets consumers of all ages, but will focus mainly consumers between the ages of 10-60. There are different brands that meet the needs of consumers within  each age group.} Coca-Cola SWOT Analysis Strengths : Quality product, Loyal Customers, Effective Marketing Techniques Weaknesses: Most of the products are carbonated beverages, Many brands innovated are not very popular amongst consumers, Subjected to negative criticism. Opportunities: Create more healthy beverages, Create juices or beverages suitable for toddlers and babies. Threats: Competitors such as Pepsi whom are developing new brands. {Coca-Cola is the most valued company when it comes to the development of nonalcoholic beverages. Because the company has been around for so long and has sought customer feedback when engaging in making changes that relate to the products, Coca-Cola has a loyal customer base. There are some weaknesses that are associated with the company primarily only sales beverages, and there are sometimes negative criticism. There are opportunities for the company to branch out into other areas such as making food products. The threats faced by the company come from competitors.} Goals Objectives To be the leader in the beverage industry.  To make sure that the consumers of Coca-Cola brands are aware of the company and the products that the company offers. Increase the company’s sales and revenue.  To make potential consumers around the world aware of the companies’ products and what they have to offer. {The goals and objectives of Coca-Cola are set into place in order to increase sales and revenue and to make sure that consumers are happy with the products offered by the company. The goals and objectives can be utilized to take the company to another level which will completely set it apart from other companies within the beverage industry.} Customer Loyalty The company will provide its’ consumers with a quality experience when utilizing the products. The Company will build customer loyalty by continuing to be innovative in creating the different brands that fit the needs of their consumers. The company offers its consumers Coke Rewards that allow them to gain savings for the products. {When it comes to customer loyalty, it is important that companies make sure that they maintain the brand image. According to the course text, â€Å"A strong brand community results in a more loyal, committed customer base† (Kotler Keller, 2011). Another way for the company to promote customer loyalty is to make sure that the products are available to the consumers at a reasonable price. It is also important to make sure that the products are easily accessible to consumers in all locations where the products are being sold. By offering opportunities for consumers to save, the company is able to build gain loyal companies because they can see that the company does care about their finances.} Competitors Coca- Cola’s competitors include other companies that produce nonalcoholic beverages, the main one being Pepsico, Inc. Pepsico is the 2nd most popular soft drink company. Like Coca- Cola, this company also have beverages that are offered within a number of restaurants and stores. Nestle is another competitor that offers beverages. Although this company has drinks, it also has some food products that are available to consumers. With Nestle having water as one of its’ brands, it poses competition to Coca-Cola. Branding Strategy Coca-Cola manages its brand by â€Å"constantly striving to improve their products, services, and marketing† (Kotler Keller, 2011). â€Å"Focus on needs of our consumers, customers and franchise partners† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Get out into the market and listen, observe and learn† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Possess a world view† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Focus on execution in the marketplace every day† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) â€Å"Be insatiably curious† (The Coca- Cola Company, 2015) Coca-Cola has formed partnerships with restaurants and stores where the company’s products can be offered to consumers. Communications Methods  Advertising- Coca-Cola uses the TV, internet, newspapers, magazines, and other sources to advertise their product. Company Website- Coca-Cola’s company website provides consumers with information about the products that the company offers. The website also allows for the consumers to be involved in the activities that the company  works on in order to have an effect on the environment. Print Ad ~Open up to new possibilities with Coca- Cola! Conclusion Coca-Cola is the leading nonalcoholic beverage producer. The company builds on customer loyalty by keeping their customers involved and informed. The company’s programs and The company’s IMC will allow for the company to reach an even larger customer base which will lead to the continuing of the company’s success. Coca- Cola’s brand image and loyal customers will help in their ability to face the encounters of the company’s competiton. By analyzing the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, Coca-Cola will be able to make necessary changes and continue using successful strategies that have allowed them to be the number one soft drink company! References Coca- Cola Company (2015). Mission, Vision, Values. Retrieved February 18, 2015 from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/mission-vision-values. Forbes (2015). Coca Cola. Retrieved March 7, 2015 from http://www.forbes.com/companies/coca-cola/. Kotler, P., Keller, K. (2011). Marketing Management, 14th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Strategic Management (2015). SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola. Retrieved March 8, 2015 from http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/coca-cola-swot-analysis.html.

How to Write and Produce a Dissertation

How to Write and Produce a Dissertation Introduction While the course work is an important part of any doctoral program, it is the dissertation that is uniquely you. The topic chosen should be one that interests you, and that represents an area of study that you can use to identify you as one with special expertise in a particular area. Therefore, it is very important to proceed with forethought into the dissertation process. Choose the topic with care. Also be sure to choose your advisors carefully, as they will be your guides and mentors. This guidebook has been designed to provide you with the information you need to successfully complete this process. Read and follow it carefully. You are responsible for understanding and applying its contents. Research Criteria To produce a dissertation of which you and your school can be justly proud, it is essential that your dissertation meet certain quality standards that are generally recognized in graduate education. The following policy statement, by the Council of Graduate Schools, indicates in general terms what is expected. The document (doctoral dissertation) should demonstrate breadth of scholarship, depth of research, and ability to investigate problems independently and efficiently. It (dissertation) must be a significant contribution to scholarship. It should reveal the students ability to analyze, interpret, and synthesize; and demonstrate thorough knowledge of the literature relating to the project More specifically, the faculty of the School of Education has adopted the following criteria indicating that the doctoral research should: Present the relevance of existing theories to the problem. Include an original and unique dimension which builds on cited research. Enable the candidate to enter the national or regional debate. Be sufficiently broad from which to generalize to a larger audience. Acculturate the candidate to differing academic communities. Encourage the continuation of scholarly activity. Reflect the methodology appropriate to the type of research commonly found in dissertations. Dissertation Topic and Committee How do I get started? How is my committee formed? The first steps in producing a dissertation are (1) the selection of a topic (2) the selection and appointment of a research advisor and (3) the selection and appointment of a research committee to provide advisement throughout the process. Dissertation Topic Early in your doctoral studies, you should be thinking about research topics that interest you. Keep a notebook of ideas as they come to you. As you read for your various classes, add to or delete from your notebook of ideas. Talk informally with your professors. Find out their interests. Discuss- ing your ideas for potential dissertation topics with several faculty members helps you in selecting your topic and in choosing a committee. As your ideas about topics and committee members crystallize, you will want to discuss them with your adviser  and department chair. The topic you eventually select must be a topic useful to you and a topic of interest to a faculty member willing to serve as your advisor. Final selection of your topic will not occur until your coursework is nearly completed. You will need to consider such factors as the relationship of  your topic to your field of specialized study. Select a topic related to an area of academic strength in which you can conduct research responsibly. Finally, be sure that adequate La Sierra University resources are available for the support of the research, such as faculty guidance, library holdings (or access to relevant documents), and laboratory facilities. The Research Advisor The dissertation committee chair is the first member of the committee selected. The responsibility for  assigning a chair ultimately rests  with the dean, but you have the initial responsibility to find a chair  that is willing to work with you and is interested in your topic. This  chair must be a faculty member within  the School of Education and is usually an individual in your major department. Because it is important to have a chair who has an interest in your  proposed topic, you should have a  chair assigned before you enroll in  the final research methods class, EDRS  704. Finally, make your formal request for the  assignment of the chair to the dean. Dissertation Committee Your dissertation committee must contain at  least three members. The membership shall consist of a chair, one additional faculty  member from within the School of  Education, and one faculty member that may be within the larger La Sierra University faculty, or possibly a faculty member in  a different University. Approach potential committee members directly asking about their relationship to  your possible topic and whether they would have an interest in serving on  your committee. When you have agree- ment from all your potential committee members, be sure to report back to the dean for  final assignment of your committee. The chair carries the primary responsibility for guiding you through your dissertation and is the person  with whom you work most closely. An  easy, working relationship with your  committee chair is most important. The responsibilities of the chair are to: (1) provide guidance for the disserta- tion proposal and act as chairperson  during the committee meetings, (2) supervise completion of the disserta- tion, and (3) act as chairperson of  the final oral defense. The responsibilities of the committee members are to: (1) provide additional advisement to the student and/or act as a chairperson in the absence of the chairperson, (2) serve on a committee to read the dissertation proposal and participate during consideration of the proposal, and (3) serve on a committee to read the dissertation and participate during the final oral defense. In addition to the three (or more)  committee members, each dissertation The Proposal What is the proper format for a proposal? What are the steps in getting a proposal approved? The proposal serves as a contract between the student and the dissertation committee that, when approved by all parties, constitutes an agreement that data may be collected and the study may be completed. As long as the student follows the steps outlined in the proposal, committee members should be discouraged from demanding significant changes to the study after the proposal has been approved. Naturally, it is not uncommon to expect small changes, additions or deletions, because one can never envision the unpredictable turns that studies can take. The dissertation proposal is designed to show the purpose and organization of your research. The proposal gives your committee enough information to determine whether the topic your are investigat- ing and the procedures you will be using will be appropriate. Proposal Development The Research Methods Class, EDRS  704a or 704b, is designed to help you understand the process of writing a  formal research proposal and, hopefully, in the class you will have  completed or nearly completed the  research proposal. Regardless, this class will be a valuable resource,  although final proposal approval is a responsibility of your committee. Proposal Format and Content In both the proposal and the dissertation you are   to follow the latest edition of The School of Educa- tion Doctoral Dissertation Handbook and the American Psychological Association Publication Manual, 5th edition. Unless otherwise indicated by your committee, your proposal will generally consist of the follow- ing chapters and sections: Chapter 1 Purpose and Organization Introduction and background of the study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study/significance of study Theoretical foundation Research questions and null hypotheses Limitations and delimitations Definition of Terms Summary and outline of the remainder of the proposal Chapter 2 Review of Related Material Include an overview and description of represen- tative literature that supports the methodology used in the research. For certain types of research (such as statistical or clinical studies) this may require a brief description of procedures and instrumentation of previous studies. This review is not expected to be as extensive as the completed Chapter 2 in the final dissertation. A typical outline for this chapter is as follows: Summaries and critiques of previous studies Analysis of theories which bear on the studies Unresolved Issues, significant  problems or questions requiring further study. Evidence that the specific study proposed arises out of needs demonstrated in this chapter and that the proposed study could fill in gaps or add to substantive or theoreti- cal understanding Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology Listed below are the most common sections to be included in this chapter. For some studies such as historical, philosophical, or  developmental studies, other items would be proper. Introduction Population and sample Description of instrument(s) Research procedures and time period of the study Analytical procedures to be used to attain the objectives, test the hypotheses, or respond to the research questions of the study Summary Preparation of Your Proposal You must prepare your proposal in a logical, polished form. Your committee judges your fitness to conduct research on your topic based on the quality of the proposal. If you have any problems with the English language, we advise you to employ the services of  an editorial assistant who can aid you in presenting to your committee polished prose in approved format and style. Your committee is not respon- sible to be your editor or writer. As a researcher, these responsibilities are yours. Committee Involvement During the preparation of your proposal you have opportunity to establish a working relationship with your committee chair. First submit all drafts to your committee  chair for evaluation and comment. After your committee chair has given approval, share the draft with the  other members of your committee. You must maintain this approach throughout the writing of the dissertation. When both your committee chair and the members of your committee have had opportunity to evaluate your proposal, request your committee chair to call your committee for formal consider- ation of your proposal. For this meeting, you must furnish one copy of your dissertation proposal to your committee chair and each committee member. Your committee, in formal face-to-face meeting discusses your proposal and questions you on any parts they believe may need revision. The committee will then discuss whether or not they will give approval to your proposal. They may or may not invite you to remain for this session. Consult with your com- mittee chair. Faculty Research Specialist Each dissertation committee shall receive formal input, in writing, from a faculty research specialist prior to the time of proposal approval. Institutional Research Board (IRB) If you are conducting research involving human subjects as part of your degree program, you must submit a proposal of research to the Institution of Review Board (IRB) for approval. This proposal includes: a general summary of the purpose of the study, a detailed description of the study, the letter of informed consent to be signed by the  subjects or their parents/guardians, and the copies of tests to be administered (if other than well- known standard tests). Detailed guidelines concerning this proposal are available in the office of the chairperson of the IRB. A report from the IRB should be attached to the final approved proposal. 6 Only after approval of your proposal are your  ready to begin collection of the data for the dissertation itself. Dissertation How does my committee function? What is the role of consultants? What are the contents of a dissertation? An excellently produced dissertation will demon- strate your familiarity with the literature pertinent to the topic, demonstrate your competence to conduct independent research and present a logically organized and readable account of the investigation, its findings, conclusions, and impli- cations. It should focus on a clearly defined  problem of strong importance to the profession and employ well planned and executed acceptable research techniques. Working with the Committee The chair of your dissertation committee carries the primary responsibility for guiding the disserta- tion and holds the prerogative of deciding when draft copy is or is not ready for examination by the other members of the committee. The preferred method of dissertation development in the School of Education is chapter-by-chapter submission to the committee, however, the committee chair has the privilege of choosing another procedure with the consent of the committee. When your committee chair has cleared a  chapter or section, prepare copies to present to the other members of your committee. After receiving their response, move on to the next chapter or section. It is well not to begin a new chapter for your dissertation until you resolve all questions on the previous chapter. If you have not heard from your committee members within a reasonable period, consult with your committee chair. In qualitative research, questions will continue to surface until the end of the study. Therefore, work  on several chapters may proceed simultaneously. Plan to pace your submissions to your committee  chair and members. Professors should be given opportunity to read you material thoughtfully. Plan on approximately two weeks time. Do not  expect committee members to respond to your time schedule. Working with Consultants It is possible that you may wish or need to  consult with individuals with special expertise such as statisticians or editors. Use such consultants discriminatingly to assist in developing your own understanding of and ability to communicate the various dimensions of the study. Arrangement of Contents Every dissertation consists of three parts: prelimi- nary pages, text, and reference materials. In addition, it must have an abstract. All the pages of these parts occur in a certain order and are counted and/or numbered according to specific rules. The following outlines incorporate a step by step excursion through the skeleton of the dissertation. Not every dissertation will need every heading. Some dissertations, on the other hand, may need  to add headings not mentioned here or subdivide some of these. Keep in mind there is no standard outline all dissertations are required to follow, however, this is a suggested guideline. It must be understood that this outline may not be suffi- ciently comprehensive to fit all studies and that modifications, deletions, or additions may be made  as needed. Quantitative Dissertation The following items are normally in a quantita- tive dissertation. The items to include and the location of the items within sections may vary. For more detailed descriptions regarding each section, refer to published guide books to a doctoral dissertation. Front Matter Title page Abstract Acknowledgments (optional) Dedication (optional) Table of contents List of tables, figures and illustration Chapter 1 Purpose and Organization Introduction and background of the study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study/significance of study Theoretical foundation Research questions and null hypotheses Limitations and delimitations Assumptions and definition of terms Organization of the document Chapter 2 Review of Related Material Introduction Summaries and critiques of previous studies Analysis of theories which bear on the studies Unresolved issues, significant problems and  unanswered questions requiring study Evidence that the specific study proposed arises out of needs demonstrated in this chapter and that the proposed study could fill in gaps or add to substantive or theoreti- cal understanding Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology Introduction Population and sample Description of instrument(s) Research procedures and time period of the study How the data are to be analyzed to attain the objectives, test the hypotheses, or respond to the research questions of the study Chapter 4 Results (or Findings) of the Analysis of Data Introduction Results (of findings) regarding the first hy- pothesis, or question being investigated   Results of findings regarding the second (and others in sequence) Results regarding interactions, if any, among the hypotheses or research questions  Results and findings on matters not planned as  part of the study but which were uncovered in the investigation course and which are relevant Summary Chapter 5 Conclusions, Implications and Recommendations Introduction Conclusions drawn regarding the hypotheses, or research questions as stated in Chapter 1 (Each is dealt with as a topic separately. If  there are interactions among some or all of the objectives, hypotheses, or research questions, those interactions are treated as separate topics.) Summary Recommendations for further studies and programmatic recommendations End Matter Reference and notes Appendices Qualitative Dissertation Qualitative dissertations are field focused and therefore allow the researcher to approach writing the dissertation with flexibility in format. For more detailed descriptions regarding each section, refer to published guidebooks to a doctoral dissertation. Front Matter Title page Abstract Acknowledgments (optional) Dedication (optional) Table of contents List of tables, figures and illustration Chapter 1 Introduction Background, history and/or theoretical orientation of the study Purpose of the study Description of the site Questions in the study Importance of the study Chapter 2 Review of the Literature Analysis of previous related studies Analysis of related theoretical literature Relationship of the literature to the current  study Chapter 3 Methodology Description of the study Research design (The research design will be planned in cooperation with the doctoral committee.) Analysis Chapters 4+ Presentation of the Findings These chapters will present the findings in a  manner appropriate to a given study. There may be one or several chapters needed to present the study. Arguments will be well formed, insightful and grounded in the  study. Theoretical arguments will be formed from the data and presented in a coherent  and informative manner. Final Chapter Conclusion This chapter will present the conclusions drawn from the study, relate the findings to broader theoretical issues, critique the precess used, and describe implications which could affect other similar sites. End Matter Reference and notes Appendices Form and Style What are the typing rules for my dissertation? Who is the final authority on form and style? What kind of paper do I use? The School of Education Doctoral  Dissertation Handbook must be used in conjunction with the American Psycho- logical Association Publication  Manual, 5th edition. Where there are  discrepancies between the APA publica- tion manual and The School of Education Handbook, the doctoral disserta- tion handbook is to be followed. Production Dissertations shall be produced by a word processor. All dissertations are to be printed in black ink, using standard 10-12 point fonts, and using only one side of the page. Text must be clean, straight, and dark enough to be read and duplicated easily. Final copies must be laserprinted. Paper All copies shall be produced on standard size 8-1/2 x 11 paper. For draft copies, use white bond of at least 20 pound weight. Final copies shall be run on high quality paper; 20 pound bond with at least 25 percent rag content. To insure longer shelf life, use an acid-free paper with a minimum of 2% alkaline reserve. Margins The left-hand margin must be 1 1/2 inches and all other margins must be a full 1 inch. The initial page of a chapter or a major section (i.e., table of  contents, references, etc.) has a 2-inch margin at the top of the page. Absolutely nothing may be outside of these margins, except for the page  number. Do not use right or full justification. Page Numbering Preliminary pages Preliminary pages that precede the main text are numbered with lower case Roman numerals. The  title page is not numbered but is  considered as the first page. If you  elect to register a copyright, enclose a copyright page, but do not number it or include it in the pagination sequence. Subsequent numerals are centered 3/4 inch from the bottom edge of the paper. Main text All pages are numbered at the top, 1 inch from the right margin, above the  text. The first page of the disserta- tion text is page 1. All pages must be numbered consecutively. To keep their location and size uniform throughout the disserta- tion, page numbers are added after reducing tables or figures.

The Rights of a Political Prisoner versus the Rights of a Terrorist :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The Rights of a Political Prisoner versus the Rights of a Terrorist         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this essay I will discuss why political prisoners are often categorized as terrorists ever since September 11, 2001, also I will examine what rights political prisoners have to that of terrorist. In this essay I will have the contents of first my reasons for why political prisoners are categorized as terrorist. Secondly, I will make the objection to the rights. Lastly, I will respond by explaining my position in which I believe that in any case that in any form a political prisoner who looks to takes in any actions of any form to infringe against my right to live life and to enjoy it should be categorized as terrorist.    Several reasons come into of why political prisoners are categorized as terrorist. Before the tragic events of September 11, 2001, we have had a right to safe society meaning the right to live freely in this America with no interruption with an orderly society free from interference from outside influences. In this case on September 11, 2001 those rights got infringed upon with the attack on America. This showed that for one day in 2001 that America was not so superior. The right of living in a safe society was now a fore gone formality. The right to work was not the same as well meaning in reference to those who were working that morning of the attack. Just when I thought it was safe to go to work I was wrong  Ã‚   with one day that changes my life. I wrestled with this profiling of all actions of the political nature.    A web site called the ABC federation, which supports political prisoners as a totally autonomous unified group, which looks to grow collectively on struggles against government policies. They informed me that Political Prisoners act to carry out support of legitimate struggles for self-determination or for opposing the illegal policies for the government along with its political sub-divisions. In the Common Dreams New Center web site reported a study on what a terrorist was. It explains to me that a terrorist is one who acts or engages in an act of terrorism.

King of Country Music Essay

When Strait was a teenager, he began his music by joining a rock and roll garage band. After he graduated high school, he enrolled in college, but soon dropped out and married his high school sweetheart, Norma Voss, in 1971. He later enlisted in the Army. He was stationed in Hawaii and began to play in an army-sponsored band called Rambling Country. On October 6, 1972, while still in Hawaii, George and Norma welcomed their first child, Jenifer. In 1975, Strait was discharged from the Army and soon after returned to Texas. Strait returned to college in San Marcos, where he graduated in 1979 with a degree in agriculture. During college, he joined the country band â€Å"Stoney Ridge†, answering a flyer the band posted around campus looking for a new vocalist. Strait renamed the group the â€Å"Ace in the Hole† and quickly became the lead, they began to perform at different honky tonks and bars around south and central Texas, traveling as far east as Huntsville and Houston. They gained a regional following and opened for national acts such as The Texas Playboys. Soon, his band was given the opportunity to record several Strait-penned singles including â€Å"That Don’t Change The Way I Feel About You†, for the Houston-based â€Å"D† label. However, the songs never achieved wide recognition, and Strait continued to manage his family cattle ranch during the day in order to make some extra cash. Strait attempted tried to become famous in Nashville but failed because he lacked any strong business connections. In 1979, he became friends with Erv Woolsey, a Texas club owner who once worked for MCA Records. Woolsey invited several MCA executives to Texas to hear Strait. He did so well on his performance they signed him in 1980. Straits first single was â€Å"Unwound’ in 1981. It made it into the Top 10. Next he released two more songs â€Å"Down and Out† and â€Å"If You’re Thinking You Want a Stranger (There’s One Coming Home)†. Both these songs did great on the charts, but it wasn’t until 1982 when Straits second album Strait from the heart was released. Then George Strait had his first number one hit â€Å"Fool Hearted Memory. In the 1980s alone, he reached the top of the chart 18 times with songs such as â€Å"The Chair,† â€Å"All My Exes Live in Texas,† â€Å"Famous Last Words of a Fool† and â€Å"Baby Blue. † In 1985, he won CMA awards for album of the year and male vocalist. In 1986, he repeated his win as male vocalist, but his year was marked by tragedy when his daughter was killed in a car wreck. â€Å"B aby Blue† is said to have been written for his daughter. Strait won CMA entertainer of the year award in 1989 and 1990. In the 1990’s, George Strait continued to dominate country music. He released his tenth album, Livin’ It Up, which featured two number one hits including â€Å"Love Without End, Amen† and â€Å"I’ve Come to Expect It From You†. He later released the singles â€Å"If I Know Me† and â€Å"You Know Me Better Than That†which both were number one hits. In 1992, Strait starred in the movie Pure Country and recorded â€Å"I Cross My Heart† which is still one of his biggest hits today. His song once again reached number one. In 1995, He released a four-CD boxed set, Strait Out of the Box. It had become one of the five biggest-selling boxed sets in music history.

Nursing During Civil War Essay

The American Civil War occurred between 1861 and 1865. When the war began, there was no organized medical corps for either the Union Army or the Confederate Army. Up until then, nursing was still considered a â€Å"loose term† as far what a nurse is and does. There were no official nursing schools or professional trained nurses available. As newspapers wrote about the poor and unsanitary conditions that wounded solider were subjected to, hundreds of women volunteered to help provide assistance to the wound solders (Egenes). Make-shift hospital and clinics were created on the battlefield to care for the wounded. As a result of having no organized medical corps in the army, conditions at most of the hospitals were poor. More soldiers during this time died of complications other than battlefield wounds such as dysentery, small pox, and pneumonia. (Son of the South). Hospitals were overcrowded and nurses lacked adequate quality of food and water, clean clothing, sanitation equipment, and other medication supplies to properly provide care for the injured. Because of this, hospitals were breeding grounds for disease and death. During this time, army physicians did not favor female volunteer nurses, believing female nurses were inexperienced and disorganized. Several woman help elevate the status of nurses during the Civil War and on. One woman that did just that was Dorothea Dix. Dix was a school teacher that was appointed as the Superintendent of Army Nursing for the Union Army. Through her position she was able to help organized medical efforts, set standards for military nurses, and to lobby for medical supplies for the Union Army. Another woman that had an impact on nursing was Clara Burton, also known as â€Å"Angel of the Battlefield. After her father died, she began to collect supplies and provide care to the wounded at the front lines. As word around the army grew about her compassion and care, Burton began getting support for her cause and the nursing cause as a whole. After the war, she continued her efforts in nursing and eventually inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government (Epler).

Xbrl

The Next Technology Revolution XML XBRL 1 Today’s Objectives †¢ Overview of XML & XBRL †¢ Show you how this technology makes doing EBusiness: – Faster – Cheaper – Better †¢ Conclusion 2 Let’s move up the Value Chain Transactions Data Information Knowledge Decisions Transactions Data Information Knowledge Decisions Transactions Data Information Knowledge Decisions Transactions Data Information Knowledge Decisions 3 Evolution to Web Services Web Program the Web Browse the Web Web Services Text Files Web Pages Innovation FTP, E-Mail, Gopher Connectivity TCP/IP HTML XML 4 Automation Presentation Technology XMLXML stands for: eXtensible Markup Language Universally accepted method of exchanging information 5 eXtensible Markup Language †¢ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is a meta markup language the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) considers a universal standard for describing both structured data and the behavior of applications that process the language . 6 What Is XML? †¢ â€Å"XML is a platform-independent, self-describing, expandable, standard data exchange format 7 XML is Platform Independent †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Windows Unix Macintosh Mainframe Linux 8 XML is Self-Describing Self†¢ Example: – July 26, 1998 †¢ Describes the information, not the presentation †¢ Format neutral XML is Expandable †¢ Whereas HTML has a fixed set of tags – , , †¢ XML lets you create your own tags – – – 10 How does it work? †¢ XML gives meaning to information through the use of tags Saad Hafizi COB Chairman, Novac 21 Caution.. †¦Just because something is .. Does not mean it is accurate? 11 The XML Puzzle XML Document Core Schema Transformation Tools Industry Specific Vocabularies Company Specific Vocabulary 12 How XML Works How XML Works Improves the way companies — and applications — share information Enjoys strong industry and vendor support 13 What is ‘XML’? †¢ What XML is Not – Not a religion. Not the solution to all world problems. – Not a solution for all electronic commerce problems. – Not a solution to all legal-technology problems. †¢ XML is a Tool – XML is a Really Cool (Powerful) Tool! – Like all tools, XML can be used wisely and unwisely. 14 Why is XML so Important? †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Portable Vendor neutral Readable data format More flexible and easier to use than EDI All major software products are becoming â€Å"XML† enabled †¢ Defacto standards for data exchange †¢ Enabling new levels of interoperability 15 XML †¢ Widely expected to reduce cost of publishing to the Net by as much as 50%. And by next year Gartner Group prediction 70% of all B2B transactions executed on the Web will be done using XML. 16 Who defines the tags? †¢ Tags are defined by industry consortiums †¢ Each industry’s stan dard tags are commonly referred to as a taxonomy 17 â€Å"Content in Context† (Industry-specific) Auto Industry Chemical Industry Publishing or Mythology Music Industry Aerospace Astronomy 18 Who’s Building Taxonomies? Accounting Economics EDI Healthcare Legal Publishing Science Advertising Architecture Communication E-Commerce Financial Insurance News Retail Supply Chain 19 Automotive Banking Education ERP HR Music Real Estate SoftwareDefines Tags 20 XBRL International is gaining strength †¢ XBRL activities occurring in— – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – United States Canada Australia China & Hong Kong Japan Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Taiwan Germany India Ireland Netherlands Nordic Federation (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) South Africa Spain Switzerland United Kingdom †¢ And on a global level through the— – Inter national Accounting Standards Council – International Press Telecommunications Council – International Standards Organization 21 XBRL International is gaining strength †¢ On a Global level through the— – – International Accounting Standards Council International Press Telecommunications Council International Standards Organization †¢ On a Country Level: – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – United States Canada Australia China & Hong Kong Japan Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Taiwan Germany India Ireland Netherlands Nordic Federation (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) South Africa Spain Switzerland United Kingdom 22 XBRL Impact â€Å"The explosive growth of the Internet is not only changing the way companies conduct their business, it also promises to forever alter the way they communicate business performance. – CFO M agazine, February 2000 23 XBRL Documents †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ XBRL for Financial Statements XBRL for General Ledger XBRL for Journal Entry Reporting XBRL for Credit Reporting XBRL for Performance Press Releases XBRL for Risk Reporting XBRL for Regulatory Filings XBRL for Tax Filings XBRL for Assurance Schedules XBRL for Authoritative Literature XBRL for â€Å"Business† Reporting 24 Who’s Embracing XML now? †¢ Software developers Using XML as the core technology for new products †¢ Database developers Building XML support into their products. †¢ Industry groups Deciding how information should be shared. Organizations Investigating how to tie their inter and intra company processes together. 25 †¢ XML for Financial Reporting †¢ Enables a dramatic improvement in the processing of financial reports †¢ XBRL documents can be— – – – – – Pr epared efficiently Exchanged reliably Published more easily Analyzed quickly Retrieved by investors simply to enable smarter investments 26 Benefits †¢ XBRL is: – NOT a new accounting standards but enhances the distribution and usability of existing financial statement information – Enabler and an extension for relational database functionality for all financial statement information 7 Problems XBRL Addresses †¢ Ineffective communication to investors †¢ Inefficient aggregation and analysis †¢ Inefficient creation of financial statements 28 Why XBRL ? Enable business reporting that leverages the Internet & XML Effective access and analysis of business reports Improve corporate communications with stakeholders 29 Who benefits Process Benefits: Lowering Financial Reporting Cost †¢ Today’s external reporting processes – Rework and delay – Ad hoc and non repeatable – No path forward Accounting System Explanatory Text Thir d Party Information Printed Financials Regulatory FilingsWeb Site Tax Return Trade Filings 30 Who benefits Process Benefits: Lowering Financial Reporting Cost †¢ Common interchange format and storage is good information management practice – Reduces redundancies & discrepancies – Repeatable processes using tools – A platform for continuous reporting Accounting System Explanatory Text Third Party Information XBRL Documents Printed Financials Regulatory Filings Web Site Tax Return Trade Filings 31 XBRL: Interoperability & Multiple Uses G/L Package ERP XBRL Custom Developed Systems US GAAP Financial Statement In English US GAAP Financial Statement In DutchUS GAAP Financial Statement to the Web US GAAP Financial Statement to Print XBRL Other Sources of Information XBRL Other Sources of Information Other Sources of Information US GAAP Financial Statement to Cell Phone XBRL: Interoperability & Multiple Uses G/L Package ERP US GAAP Financial Statement Investors & Creditors XBRL Custom Developed Systems EDGAR Filing XBRL Tax Filing XBRL Government Other Sources of Information Bank Filing XBRL News Agencies And Others Other Sources of Information Other Sources of Information Press Release Once Every Event is tagged in XBRL†¦ G/L Package ERPIAS Financial Statement in German US GAAP Financial Statement In English French Tax Filing Investors & Creditors XBRL Custom Developed Systems XBRL XBRL Government Other Sources of Information Canadian Banking Filing XBRL News Agencies And Others Other Sources of Information Other Sources of Information EDGAR 10k line item via Cell Phone XBRL Working Model: Planned Specifications XBRL for G/L Journal Entry Reporting XBRL for Financial Statements XBRL for EDGAR Filings Processes Business Operations Internal Financial Reporting External Financial Reporting Investment and Lending AnalysisXBRL for Business Event Reporting XBRL for Tax Filings Financial Publishers and Data Aggregators Participants Companies Investors Trading Partners Management Accountants Auditors Regulators Software Vendors XBRL: not a Transaction Protocol What it is †¢ XBRL is merely a format to serialize complex, structured financial data: e. g. , statements, G/Ls. †¢ Therefore, it cannot replace OFX, ebXML, ANSI X. 12 Trans Set 821, OMG G/L Spec, †¦ †¢ Future message sets in those protocols could include XBRL tagged data if they need to send financial statements in the message body. XBRL provides a framework and an AICPA approved vocabulary that can be extended to many other reporting frameworks. 36 XBRL: not an accounting standard †¢ Means of communicating – Current GAAP – Current practice †¢ Flexible standard – Future standards – Future general practice 37 XBRL: A Fragment of a Raw Data Raw Data in Spreadsheet Company Coca Cola Co. Coca Cola Co. Financial Statement Balance Sheet Line Item CurrentAssets. Cashand CashEquivalents CurrentAssets. Cashand CashE quivalents Label CurrentAssets. Cashand CashEquivalents CurrentAssets.Cashand CashEquivalents Year 1999 Value 1611 Balance Sheet 1998 1648 Same Raw Data in XML (XBRL) Format $1,611 $1,648 38 39 What software ‘sees’ is the differentiator and drives benefits (here is an example) 40 Importance of Reporting â€Å" [W]hat excites the CEO is the ability to know what the business is doing at any given point in time, react quickly to market shifts and competitive threats and remain in tight control while empowering employees to make informed decisions more quickly. Year End Earnings Release Call August 10, 1999 John Chambers Cisco CEO † 41 â€Å" Virtual Close TheBest Practice has, in my opinion, just as much impact on a company’s future success or lack thereof as the wellpublished e-commerce area. Year End Earnings Release Call August 10, 1999 John Chambers Cisco CEO † 42 XBRL Impact †¢ â€Å" †¦ If Europe moves quickly to take up these standard s, it could give them an attractive lead in the race to accessible and comparative key data that would stimulate investor interest. It would undoubtedly spawn a plethora of research tools that would be useful to both private and professional investors. † †¢ †¢ – Investors Chronicle, August 9, 2000 43XBRL and the Emergence of ‘e‘eStandards’ †¢ E-Standards are fundamental †¢ HTML is the standard that enabled the web’s first ‘Big Step’ †¢ XML is the web’s next ‘Big Step’ – Over 200 XML-Based Specifications and Protocols exist, including— †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ RosettaNet – computer company supply chain and trading webs OBI – Open Buying on the Internet – retail e-commerce FpML – Financial Products (Derivatives, Swaps, FX) ACORD XML – Insurance industry information exchange standards derived from EDI. – UN/CEFAC = EBXML †¢ XBRL is uniquely focused on financial reporting 44 Standard . orgs (reporting vs ‘e’)Accounting / Auditing Reporting ASB IASC FASB IFAC SEC Territory Institutes ‘e-Business’ W3C OASIS;UN/CEFAC T (ebxml) xml. org RosettaNet ACORD What about these? CPAs participate / lead in these The range of what is under development today †¦ HR CRM â€Å"Horizontals† (Infrastructure) there are others†¦.. XBRL is uniquely focused on Etc. business reporting CHEMX RosettaNet ACORD FpML ANX â€Å"Verticals† (Industry Supply Chains) there are others†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. XBRL Adds Reporting to E-Commerce ETax One way Regulators Investors Creditors Lenders Website One way Aggregators BUSINESS ERP G/L Packages CRM 2-way SuppliersTransaction Creation 2-way †¢Orders †¢A/P †¢Delivery †¢Orders †¢A/R †¢Delivery Customers 47 XBRL Adds Reporting to E-Commerce ETax One way Regulators Investors Creditors Lenders Website One way Aggregators B USINESS G/L Packages ERP CRM BUSINESS REPORTING XBRL 2-way Suppliers Transaction Creation 2-way (e-)Commerce OTHER XML INITIATIVES †¢Orders †¢A/P †¢Delivery †¢Orders †¢A/R †¢Delivery Customers 48 XBRL – What Key XBRL Components †¢ XBRL / XML Specification (XBRL. org) – Global architecture/technology †¢ XBRL hierarchical vocabulary (jurisdiction/industry) – Dictionary of terms by jurisdiction/industry sector Style Sheets †¢ XBRL enabled tools (preparer) (market) 49 Key to our Success Market driven model – Start simple, be inclusive Broad supply chain participation Members support XBRL Members do not compete on the â€Å"framework† Build structure & systems to support open community & market development 50 Steps in Technology Acceptance Acceptance Simplification/Tools Taxonomy Visionaries 51 Financial Institutions—and their Users Institutions— †¢ SMALL BUSINESS provides FINANCIAL INSTITU TION with their information in XBRL and receives loan approval in less than a day instead of two days—or two weeks.Average Time for Loan Processing—1. 75 days Value-added Analysis and Decision-making? 90% + time spent on Mechanics Less Risk With => Better Or Mechanics Analysis Mechanics Analysis Mechanics Analysis Mechanics Analysis Process more loans in the same amount of time 52 Benefits to Today's Users †¢ 1. Reduce cost of analyzing and reporting financial information †¢ 2. Increase speed and efficiency of business decisions 3. Enhance the distribution and access of existing financial statement information 4. More readily exchanged 5. Increase and enhance analysis 53 Benefits †¢ 1.Reduce cost of analyzing and reporting financial information †¢ 2. Increase the speed and efficiency of business decisions †¢ 3. Enhance the distribution and usability of existing financial statement information 54 Example: Cost Reduction †¢ International Sub sidiaries: †¢ Large multi-national corporation uses XBRL to quickly roll–up, analyze and publish the financial statements of numerous subsidiaries— †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ in different countries with different languages using different GAAP on different computer systems 55 Benefits †¢ 1. Reduce cost of analyzing and reporting financial information †¢ 2.Increase the speed and efficiency of business decisions †¢ 3. Enhance the distribution and usability of existing financial statement information 56 Example: Efficient Decisions †¢ Major mutual fund company feeds XBRL-ized information to customers to differentiate their funds as more objective and reliable investments †¢ An investor uses XBRL to compare the financials for a range of companies— – Belonging to different revenue levels – Located within an industry sector – Along multiple analytical criteria 57 Benefits †¢ 1. Reduce cost of analyzing and r eporting financial information †¢ 2.Increase the speed and efficiency of business decisions †¢ 3. Enhance the distribution and usability of existing financial statement information 58 †¢ Loan Approval: Example: Credit – Small Business provides Bank with their financial information in XBRL and receives loan approval in 1 minute instead of 2 days †¢ Credit Approval: – Company approves customer credit request with automated assessment processes facilitated by XBRL †¢ Line of Credit: – Company provides capital markets with financial information in XBRL and receives expedited line of credit 59 XML Shortcomings?Not a replacement for integration and middleware tools Lots of Hype, not a solution for everything There are many different standards among industries Standards still evolving But, you can’t wait while the standards evolve†¦. 60 XBRL Development & Adoption Final Thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Change is not what it used to be†¦ .. Change has become a process; it’s become a permanent part of the external environment 62 Summary †¢ FASTER – BETTER †¢ CHEAPER †¢ Our profession will have to follow technology and record business activity in an real-time mode. 63 Concluding Remarks .. 64

Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Individual Project - Essay Example ransactions between the fifty states in the USA; the provisions in the Constitution under Article 1, section 8 may be seen to have achieved the same objective. For example, Section 8 specifically seeks to â€Å"regulate commerce with foreign nations and among several states and with the Indian tribes†. (www.topics.law.cornell). Moreover, it also sets out the distribution of powers among the centre and the states, by setting out the arming and disciplining of the militia as the province of the central government while the appointment of the officers and the training of the militia are to be reserved by the States. In this way, this part of the Constitute sought to provide some form of overall regulation of trade and commerce occurring between the different states. Since this section also sets out the principles of borrowing and coining money as well as fixing standards and providing for punishments of illegal commerce activities such as counterfeiting of money, it did provide a n overall system of governance in the area of commerce, which makes it the effective precursor of specific legal provisions such as the UCC and UCITA. 2. Article 2 of the UCC specifically deals with the rules regulating the formulation of contracts and the procedures association with the repudiation of contracts and any breach that occurs (Rumbaugh, 2004). As opposed to this, the UCITA is specifically formulated to regulate e-commerce and computer associated transactions. The UCC also has a more pervasive role because it deals with a much wider range of issues that have been found to be relevant in contract and have been applied over the years, such as consideration, breach of contract, the battle of forms and similar issues, which allows it to play a more pervasive role. As opposed to this, the UCITA poses an entirely different set of regulatory issues which arise in the context of the technological environment. These issues are still developing, such as software piracy, difficulties in

Problems in calculating national income Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problems in calculating national income - Essay Example One of the most common problems that countries, especially developing countries face in this process is lack of expertise, as the methodology involves need highly professional experts, economics, and analysts that may complete the process in an accurate manner while eliminating as much human errors as they can (Bosch, pp. 11-14, 1992). However, a huge number of countries are experiencing shortage of such qualified individuals. Besides, lack of technical equipments is also significant issue exists in this methodology, as many countries do not have access to advanced technologies required for the calculation. Thirdly, determination of depreciation is a complicated step in the process that creates problems for economists. One of the basic reasons behind this is the characteristic of depreciation being estimation rather than an accurate deduction that results in inaccurate figures of the national incomes (Dombusch, pp. 23-25, 2005). In addition, experts (Jain, pp. 52-57, 2008) have identified another problem that relates to decisions regarding inclusion and exclusion of certain products and services. In specific, economists face confrontations while deciding to consider government spending on social welfare, development expenses, interests against debts, etc that often results in wrong calculation of the national income. Moreover, experts (Wall, pp. 39-42, 2008) have noticed that globalization has resulted in existence of huge number of foreign organizations working in a country, and economists face difficulties while determining whether to include income of such companies in their national income or not. However, the IMF has played a vital role in suggesting that economists should include income, as well as production activities in the owning country while ignoring the profits that should go in the national income of the parent country. Furthermore, studies (Jain, pp. 39-41, 2008) related to the calculation of national income have shown that

THEORY- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THEORY- - Essay Example It shows that the structure has a logical importance rather than a particular one. Basing on a hypothetical approach to the induction of generic principles and their abstract and will not deal with interest in the knowledge of the work but on an understanding of its theoretical structure. Structural analysis is more concerned with the poetics of the work of literature as far as basics go and so its theoretical. Real work, when analyzed, brings out the comparative aspect of periods, genre, and the like with other analyzes and one cannot isolate a particular concept or trait to one work. Thus, structural analysis embraces abstract and theoretical approach and uses general principles to the study of a particular work and vice versa (Todorov, 1969). The poem "Evolution" by Sherman Alexie talks about a liquor shop that opens on a full day throughout the week. The store is located at the border where the Indians come with jewelry televisions sets to purchase the liquor. The voice of the poem describes how the men around the border make their approach towards the liquor store. The tone of the voice of the poem expresses attitude more so in the part when the poet describes the movement of the Indians towards the shop store. The reflection is seen by the words that the poet uses to describe the situation. The voice of the poem has a social perspective where the poet describes the main characters "Indians" showing how united they are in accomplishing the primary goal of the poem (purchase of liquor). The perspective of the voice contributes towards reflecting the poets point of view. The theme of the poem is to bring out the nature of shop businesses and their constituents. In a business at some point, cases of uncertainty emerge and this is reflected when the newly named Buffalo Bill charge Indians five bucks as entry fee. In the poem, the museum acts as the tax collector. The poem characters act as